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Hurricane categories: Explaining how these storms are measured

There's science behind the classifications - and it could save your life.

ATLANTA — Categories are the key to understanding just how severe a hurricane actually is – something that’s essential with tracking a major storm.

What are the hurricane categories?

The Saffir-Simpson scale is how those categories work. In short, it places hurricanes in five classifications. The weakest of these includes hurricanes with winds as slow as 74 mph. Meanwhile, a Category 5 hurricane has winds over 156 miles per hour.

In addition to wind speeds, these storms can create different amounts of storm surge based on their category. The largest of them have a surge of over 18 feet.

Category 3 and up have the highest potential for storm-related damage and loss of life, with that category being considered “devastating” and the two above it being labeled “catastrophic.” The National Weather Service describes the five hurricane categories as such: 

  • Category 1: Winds are between 74-95 mph and will produce some damage
  • Category 2: Winds are between 96-110 mph and can cause extensive damage
  • Category 3: Winds are between 111-129 mph and "devastating" damage is likely
  • Category 4: Winds are 130-156 mph and will cause "catastrophic" damage will happen
  • Category 5: Winds are 157 mph or higher, and will similarly cause "catastrophic" damage

What category is Hurricane Helene?

Helene strengthened to a "dangerous" category 4 hurricane just after 6:30 p.m. Thursday before making landfall in the Big Bend area of Florida around 11:30 p.m. 

In anticipation of the storm's impacts, Georgia's governor issued a State of Emergency to free up resources.

Hurricane Helene was a major category 4 hurricane at landfall. The National Hurricane Center's official forecast had gone back and forth between a category 3 and category 4 strength ahead of landfall, but whether a category 3 or category 4... the difference was minimal.  Devastating storm surge, damaging winds, and flooding rain are expected along the Big Bend area regardless.

Hurricane Helene Tracker

Hurricane Helene barreled toward the Big Bend of Florida early Thursday night before landfall, bringing devastating storm surge, damaging winds, and flooding rain. Helene will weaken as it moves northward through the state of Georgia.

Click here for the interactive radar tracking Helene.

MORE FROM THE 11ALIVE WEATHER IMPACT TEAM

Download the 11Alive+ streaming app on Roku, Amazon Fire or Apple TV for continuous coverage of the storm when we're not on the air. Also download the 11Alive News mobile app on your Apple or Android device to keep streaming if the power goes out. Set up weather notifications by clicking the gear icon in the upper right corner of the app to get the latest safety information, including updates on the Helene's track and watches or warnings. 

Select Notifications -> Notification Settings -> Severe Weather Alerts -> Toggle the Severe Weather Alerts button to the right to turn alerts on. 

Send photos and videos through the app by selecting the Near Me feature on the bottom right taskbar of the app and entering your information or TEXT your weather photos to us at 404-885-7600.

TRACKING HURRICANE HELENE

A Weather Impact Alert is in effect

Latest updates

Helene interactive radar

Live cameras from Florida

Atlanta Airport delays and cancellations

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